The Man Behind Ford Motor Company And The Mass Production...

Henry Ford Many people think of Henry Ford simply as the man behind Ford Motor Company and the mass production of automobiles while never giving a second thought to how he got to that point. Henry Ford was a visionary leader and an ethical leader who went against what other business leaders thought and he ended up leading his company to the top. In this paper we will review how Ford was a visionary leader by describing how he fulfilled the role of creator as he instituted a way of producing automobiles quickly and cheaply enough so that they would be consumed by the masses. We will also discuss how he used individualized consideration in a way that motivated his workers to success by considering that working-class people had concerns about not having enough time off. Then, we will discuss how Ford was an ethical leader who did not worry over image and how he was a free thinker by describing when he disregarded how other business men of the time would view him when he decided to hire African Ame rican workers. Next, we will go over how I have not been a visionary leader. We will discuss how I have relied on conventional wisdom and gotten stuck using only ideas others have already generated and how I have had difficulty using individualized consideration. Lastly, we will talk about how I have not been an ethical leader by highlighting an incident when I was guilty of worrying about my image to the point that I allowed inappropriate comments to go unchecked andShow MoreRelatedFord Motor Company Influences The 21st Century1062 Words   |  5 Pages The Ford Motor Company Influences the 21st Century A man that went by the name of Henry Ford, once said, â€Å"I invented nothing new. I simply assembled the discoveries of other men behind whom were centuries of work†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Ford Motor Company is an American continental automobile maker founded by Henry Ford on June 16, 1903. During the 1920s, this firm marketed automobiles that were reliable, low-cost, easy-to-operate and easier-to-fix device for the masses (Rise of the Automobile). In addition, theRead MoreEssay on Henry Ford921 Words   |  4 Pages INTRODUCTION nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When you think about Ford, an automobile will usually come to mind. Most people don’t think about the man behind that name, Henry Ford. Henry Ford was the man responsible for the Ford Motor Company (FMC). He was also the creator of the invention that changed the mass production industry, the assembly line. As you read on you will learn about Henry Ford’s life, the FMC, and the assembly line. FORD’S LIFE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Wayne County, MichiganRead MoreThe Story Of Lean Production : Toyota s Secret Weapon951 Words   |  4 PagesStory of Lean Production – Toyota’s Secret Weapon in the Global Car Wars That is Revolutionizing World Industry†, published in 2007, James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos generally introduce and discuss about three worldwide industrial manufacturing methods from the very first approach to the most current one, which are craft production, mass production, and lean production respectively. The Industry of Industries in Transition. they look through the history of the automobile manufacturingRead MoreCase Study : Ford Truck Marketing Strategy1650 Words   |  7 PagesF150 Ford Truck Marketing Strategy Rugged, stylish, comfortable, economic, and most of all, dependable. The Ford F-150 is the pickup truck that changed the nation. From its very beginning, the Ford truck has taken care of its owner’s necessities from hauling hay to visiting family and friends. Since its inception, the Ford Motor Company (FMC) has earned the loyalty of its customers. Most of all, the ford pickup truck has earned the respect of farmers, families, and businessmen alike. How did theRead MoreLean Production : Toyota s Secret Weapon969 Words   |  4 PagesIn their book The Story of Lean Production – Toyota’s Secret Weapon in the Global Car Wars That is Revolutionizing World Industry, published in 2007, James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos generally introduce and discuss about three industrial manufacturing methods from the very first approach to the most current one, which are craft production, mass production, and lean production respectively. Basically, their main poin ts are focusing on lean production and its development as well asRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Ford Automobile Company2350 Words   |  10 PagesThe FORD AUTOMOBILE COMPANY soon became a great employer of many folks. This helped in mitigating the problem of unemployment which was then rampant in this era of the post-depression the US nation. Henry Ford was greatly liked by his employees as they were not being rushed but they worked solely under continual motivation from their employer. The model A cars were strong, high off the ground and involved simple mechanics, this also made the a favorite for many as compared to other sophisticatedRead MoreLean Production : Toyotas Secret Weapon1314 Words   |  6 PagesSummary The Story of Lean Production – Toyota’s Secret Weapon in the Global Car Wars That is Revolutionizing World Industry In the beginning of the book, the authors generally introduce three kinds of the worldwide industry in its production system’s development from the very first one to the newest approach, which are craft production, mass production, and lean production respectively. The Industry of Industries in Transition. they look through the history of the automobile manufacturing by spellingRead MoreEnvironmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagestechnologies for automobile powering, the effects of emissions, and customer opinion about the industry in the following paragraphs. (Select USA, n.d.), have identified the United States as having one of the largest automotive markets in the world, as it is home to thirteen (13) auto manufacturers. Similarly, Investopedia.com, (n.d.), states that the North American automobile production market, is dominated by what is known as the â€Å"Big Three†, which includes; General Motors, producers ofRead MoreThe Work Of Henry Ford Made A Lasting Impact On America Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagespeople looked for ways to travel more efficiently. The work of Henry Ford made a lasting impact on America in regards to both transportation and manufacturing. Henry Ford was much like other children growing up. Ford was born on July 30, 1863 in Dearborn, Michigan. He was raised on a farm and others could tell he would be extremely successful in his future. In order to learn more about the engines and be more successful, Henry Ford built friendships with the men who ran the full-sized steam enginesRead More Henry Ford Essay2294 Words   |  10 PagesHenry Ford It is doubtful if any mechanical invention in the history of the world has influenced in the same length of time the lives of so many people in an important way as the motor car. So writes an American historian, thinking of the automobile alone. But it does not stand-alone. It was the automobile factory that introduced mass production, a process that has changed the lineaments of our economic and social life more profoundly than any other single element in the recent history of

In Rural Settings, Van Tassel-Braska And Hubbard Found

In rural settings, Van Tassel-Braska and Hubbard found that those learners have an â€Å"importance of a sense of place and the value of tradition†. In rural schools, there are fewer students at grade levels than suburban or urban schools do so making rules for the classroom would be easier for the teacher to come up with and the difference in ethnicity and race is quite different. The problem with this is that when dealing with classroom management, it will be harder to find what is fair treatment for students who break the rules. When dealing with these students, there will still be students who do not operate by those rules and others who do. So if a student from both of these areas breaks the same rule, but one has broken the class rules†¦show more content†¦This will lead to a better-managed class and hopefully down the road a student who will not act out in the classroom. Studies focused certain races show that 40% of Caucasian students think that a teacher taking a personal interest in the students shows them they are a caring teacher, while only 17% of Latin American students thought this was a factor (2009, p, 516). In this study alone, it teaches that just getting the students to trust you and know that you care about them can be something the teacher would change from race to race. In a present study completed by the authors, it showed that there are categories in which students thought that it showed the teacher cared those included academic support, teacher’s personality, equity, and taking a personal interest in students (2009, p. 516). When first getting to know their students’ teachers should have an idea on how to properly manage each one as a person and what a punishment should be when a problem occurs. Even when first dealing with students at the beginning of a school year, students may think treatment is swaying toward anot her student. It is up to the teacher to make clear to the class that every student is an individual and how they act as a person is how punishments and rewards be handed down from person to person. With each teacher, the philosophy and teachingShow MoreRelatedIn The First Topic We Will Look At Two Completely Different1798 Words   |  8 Pagesstate â€Å"They relied on their strong relationships with students built on trust rather than fear or punishment to maintain a cooperative learning environment† (2004, p. 286). In rural settings, Van Tassel-Braska and Hubbard found that those learners have an â€Å"importance of a sense of place and the value of tradition†. In rural schools, there are fewer students at grade levels than suburban or urban schools do so making rules for the classroom would be easier for the teacher to come up with and the difference

Detection Of Biological Molecules Essay Example For Students

Detection Of Biological Molecules Essay Detection of Biological MoleculesIntroduction: Without carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen and phosphorus,life wouldnt exist. These are the most abundant elements in living organisms. These elements are held together by covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds,and disulfide bonds. Covalent bonds are especially strong, thus, are present inmonomers, the building blocks of life. These monomers combine to make polymers,which is a long chain of monomers strung together. Biological molecules can bedistinguished by their functional groups. For example, an amino group ispresent in amino acids, and a carboxyl group can always be found in fatty acids. The groups can be separated into two more categories, the polar, hydrophilic,and the nonpolar, hydrophobic. A fatty acid is nonpolar, hence it doesnt mixwith water. Molecules of a certain class have similar chemical propertiesbecause they have the same functional groups. A chemical test that is sensitiveto these groups can be used to identify molecules that are in that class. Thislab is broken down into four different sections, the Benedicts test forreducing sugars, the iodine test for the presence of starch, the Sudan III testfor fatty acids, and the Biuret test for amino groups present in proteins. Thelast part of this lab takes an unknown substance and by the four tests,determine what the substance is. BENEDICTS TESTIntroduction: Monosaccharides and disaccharides can be detected because oftheir free aldehyde groups, thus, testing positive for the Benedicts test. Such sugars act as a reducing agent, and is called a reducing sugar. By mixingthe sugar solution with the Benedicts solution and adding heat, an oxidation-reduction reaction will occur. The sugar will oxidize, gaining an oxygen, andthe Benedicts reagent will reduce, loosing an oxygen. If the resulting solutionis red orange, it tests positive, a change to green indicates a smaller amountof reducing sugar, and if it remains blue, it tests negative. Materials: onion juice5 test tubes1 beaker potato juicerulerhot plate deionized waterpermanentmarker5 tongs glucose solutionlabels starch solution6 barrelpipettes Benedicts reagent5 toothpicksProcedure: 1.Marked 5 test tubes at 1 cm and 3 cm from the bottom. Label testtubes #1-#5. 2.Used 5 different barrel pipettes, added onion juice upto the 1 cm mark of the firsttest tube, potato juice to the 1 cm mark of the second, deionized waterup to the 1cm mark of the third, glucose solution to the 1 cm mark of the fourth,and thestarch solution to the 1 cm mark of the fifth test tube. 3.Used thelast barrel pipette, added Benedicts Reagent to the 3 cm mark of all 5test tubes and mix with a toothpick. 4.Heated all 5 tubes for 3minutes in a boiling water bath, using a beaker, water, anda hot plate. 5.Removed the tubes using tongs. Recorded colorson the following table. 6.Cleaned out the 5 test tubes with deionizedwater. Data:Benedicts Test ResultsDiscussion: From the results, the Benedicts test was successful. Onion juicecontains glucose, and of course, glucose would test positive. Starch doesnthave a free aldehyde group, and neither does potato juice, which contains starch. Water doesnt have glucose monomers in it, and was tested to make sure the endresult would be negative, a blue color. IODINE TESTIntroduction:The iodine test is used to distinguish starch frommonosaccharides, disaccharides, and other polysaccharides. Because of itsunique coiled geometric configuration, it reacts with iodine to produce a blue-black color and tests positive. A yellowish brown color indicates that the testis negative. Materials: 6 barrel pipettespotato juicestarch solution 5 testtubeswateriodine solution onion juiceglucose solution5 toothpicksProcedure: 1.Used 5 barrel pipettes, filled test tube #1 with onion juice,second with potatojuice, third with water, fourth with glucose solution, and fifth withstarch solution. 2.Added 3 drops of iodine solution with a barrel pipette,to each test tube. Mixedwith 5 different toothpicks. 3.Observed reactions and recordedin the table below. Cleaned out the 5 test tubes. Data:Iodine Test ResultsDiscussion:The iodine test was successful. Potato juice and starch werethe only two substances containing starch. Again, glucose and onion juicecontains glucose, while water doesnt contain starch or glucose and was justtested to make sure the test was done properly. .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c , .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c .postImageUrl , .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c , .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c:hover , .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c:visited , .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c:active { border:0!important; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c:active , .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udd0ba26df6cd4ac11805ac222eda256c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Criminology, John Widemans Bro EssaySUDAN III TESTIntroduction: Sudan III test detects the hydrocarbon groups that are remainingin the molecule. Due to the fact that the hydrocarbon groups are nonpolar, andstick tightly together with their polar surroundings, it is called a hydrophobicinteraction and this is the basis for the Sudan III test. If the end result isa visible orange, it tests positive. Material: scissorsdeionized watermargarineSudanIII solution petri dishstarchethyl alcoholforceps lead pencilcream5 barrel pipettes filter papercooking oilblow dryerProcedure: 1.Cut a piece of filter paper so it would fit into a petri dish. 2. Used a lead pencil, and marked W for water, S for starch, K for cream, Cforcooking oil and M for margarine. Draw a small circle next to eachletter for thesolution to be placed. 3.Dissolve starch, cream, cooking oil andmargarine in ethyl alcohol. 4.Used a barrel pipette for each solution, added asmall drop from each solution tothe appropriate circled spot on the filter paper. 5.Allowed thefilter paper to dry completely using a blow dryer. 6.Soaked the paper in theSudan III solution for 3 minutes. 7.Used forceps to remove the paper fromthe stain. 8.Marinated the paper in a water bath in the petri dish, changedwater frequently. 9.Examined the intensity of orange stains of the 5 spots. Record in the table below. 10. Completely dried the filter paper, andwashed the petri dish. Data: Sudan III Test ResultsFilter paper:Discussion: The results indicate that the Sudan III test was sucessful. Waterand starch definitely doesnt contain any fatty substances. Cream and cookingoil no doubtedly does contain lipids. It was surprising to find that margarinedoesnt contain any fat. BIURET TESTIntroduction: In a peptide bond of a protein, the bond amino group issufficiently reactive to change the Biuret reagent from blue to purple. Thistest is based on the interaction between the copper ions in the Biuret reagentand the amino groups in the peptide bonds. Materials: 6 test tubesegg white solutionstarchsolution6 toothpicks rulerchicken soupsolutiongelatin6 parafilm sheets permanentmarkerdeionized watersodium hydroxide labelsglucose solutioncopper sulfateProcedures: 1.Used 6 test tubes, and labeled them at 3cm and 5cm from thebottom. Labeledeach #1 to #6. 2.Added egg white solution to the 3cm mark of thefirst tube, chicken soup solutionto the 3-cm mark of the second tube, water to the 3 cm mark of the thirdtest tube,glucose solution to the fourth, starch to the fifth, and gelatin to thesixth, all at the3 cm mark. 3.Added sodium hydroxide to the 5 cm mark of each tube andmix with 6 differenttoothpicks. 4.Added 5 drops of Biuret test reagent, 1% copper sulfate,to each tube and mixby placing a parafilm sheet over the test tube opening, and shakevigorously. 5.Held the test tubes against a white piece of paper, and recordedthe colors andresults. Discarded the chemicals, and washed the test tubes. Data:Biuret Test ResultsDiscussion: The Biuret test seemed to have been successful. Glucose and starchare both carbohydrates, while water has no proteins. Egg white definitely hasproteins, and so does gelatin. Chicken soup had a hint of protein content. Unknown Chemical # 143Introduction: By performing the Benedicts Test, the Iodine Test, the Sudan IIITest, and the Biuret Test, chemical #143 should be identified. Materials: materials from the Benedicts Testmaterials from the SudanIII Test Materials from the Iodine Testmaterials from theBiuret TestProcedures: 1.Performed the Benedicts Test, and recorded results. 2. Performed the Iodine Test, and recorded results. 3.Performed the Sudan IIITest, and recorded results. 4.Performed the Biuret Test, and recorded results. Data: Properties of Chemical #143chemical #143 was a white powderish substance. Conclusion: After ruling out the obvious wrong substances from the list likeground coffee, egg white and yolk, table sugar and salt, syrup and honey, thesmall amount of proteins was taken into factor. That also eliminated powderedskim milk, and soy flour. The low, or none fat content ruled out some morechoices like enriched flour. The only choices left was corn starch, glucose,and potato starch. Because of the low reducing sugar, glucose can be ruled outalso. .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 , .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 .postImageUrl , .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 , .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39:hover , .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39:visited , .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39:active { border:0!important; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39:active , .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39 .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3957fe602a831ad9da87680c47a91a39:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Geology a science of lies EssayThe starch content of substance #143 was very high. The protein content wasaround the 10% range, so potato starch would be a better guess then corn starch. But corn starch contained only a trace of fat when potato starch contained 0.8%. But 0.8% is very insignificant. The most educated guess to what chemical #143is potato starch.

Assignment on Race and Income

Question: Write a report for how statistical analysis plays an important role in the estimation of the different types of data related to the business, industry and social sciences. Answer: Introduction Statistical analysis plays an important role in the estimation of the different types of data related to the business, industry and social sciences. Here, we want to analyse the data for the race and income of the persons. For checking the claim whether there is any difference in the average incomes for the two types of the race of the person, we need to use the inferential statistics or the testing of hypothesis. Also, we want to construct the confidence interval for the population proportion for the first type of the race of the person. By using the different statistical tools and techniques we can find out the confidence interval for the population proportion and by using the t test for the population mean we can check the claim regarding the significant difference in the average income for the persons of two types of races. The detail procedure is explained in the next topics. Methods For the purpose of constructing the confidence interval for the proportion for the first type of the race of the persons, we have to use the t confidence interval because we dont know the information about the population standard deviation. If we know the population standard deviation we use the z confidence interval for the population proportion. Also, we have to check the claim whether there is any significant difference in the income of the person with the two different types of the race. For checking this claim, we have to use the two sample t test for the population means. The statistical analysis is given as below: Statistical Analysis and Results First of all, we have to see the frequency distribution for the variable race. The frequency distribution for the race is given as below: Race Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1.00 1312 86.8 86.8 86.8 2.00 159 10.5 10.5 97.4 3.00 40 2.6 2.6 100.0 Total 1511 100.0 100.0 The bar diagram for the variable race is given as below: From this bar diagram, it is observed that the persons with the race type of 1 are more in the given data set. Now, we have to find the 95% confidence interval for the population proportion for the type 1 race. The confidence interval is given as below: Confidence Interval Estimate for the Proportion Data Sample Size 1511 Number of Successes 1312 Confidence Level 95% Intermediate Calculations Sample Proportion 0.86829914 Z Value -1.9600 Standard Error of the Proportion 0.0087 Interval Half Width 0.0171 Confidence Interval Interval Lower Limit 0.8512 Interval Upper Limit 0.8853 The confidence interval for the proportion for the first type of the race of the person is given as (0.8512, 0.8853). Now, we have to check whether there is any significant difference in the average income for the race type of 1 and 2. For checking this claim we have to use the two sample t test for the population mean which is given as below: Group Statistics Race N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Income 1.00 1312 137.9171 48.68959 1.34422 2.00 159 111.5811 51.15951 4.05721 t-test for Equality of Means T Df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper 6.406 1469 .000 26.33599 4.11143 18.27109 34.40089 6.162 194.309 .000 26.33599 4.27410 17.90641 34.76556 The p-value for this t test is given as 0.00 which is less than the given level of significance or alpha value 0.05, so we reject the null hypothesis that there is no any significant difference in the average income for the first and second type of race of the persons. This means, we concluded that there is a significant difference in the average income for the first and second type of the persons. Conclusions: It is observed that the persons with the race type of 1 are more in the given data set. The confidence interval for the proportion for the first type of the race of the person is given as (0.8512, 0.8853). We concluded that there is a significant difference in the average income for the first and second type of the persons. References: Schervish, Mark J. (1995). Theory of statistics (Corr. 2nd print. ed.). New York: Springer Moses, Lincoln E. (1986) Think and Explain with Statistics, Addison-Wesley Hays, William Lee, (1973) Statistics for the Social Sciences, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Rubin, Donald B.; Little, Roderick J. A., Statistical analysis with missing data, New York: Wiley 2002 Mosteller, F., Tukey, J. W. (1977). Data analysis and regression. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Mann, Prem S. (1995). Introductory Statistics (2nd ed.). Wiley. Babbie, Earl R. (2009). The Practice of Social Research (12th ed.). Wadsworth. Nick, Todd G. (2007). "Descriptive Statistics". Topics in Biostatistics.New York: Springer.